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From Idea to Product:
Cargo Aircraft
От замысла до воплощения:
транспортные самолеты
Ò
ðàíñïîðòíûå ñàìîëåòû — âèçèòíàÿ êàðòî÷êà
«Àíòîíîâ». Ýòî êëàññ ëåòàòåëüíûõ àïïàðàòîâ, â
ðàçðàáîòêå êîòîðûõ ïðåäïðèÿòèå ïðèîáðåëî
íàèáîëüøèé îïûò è äîñòèãëî íàèáîëüøèõ óñïåõîâ.
Ê õàðàêòåðíûì îñîáåííîñòÿì òðàíñïîðòíûõ «Àíîâ»
îòíîñèòñÿ íå òîëüêî ñïîñîáíîñòü ðàáîòàòü â ñëîæíûõ
êëèìàòè÷åñêèõ óñëîâèÿõ, íà îòäàëåííûõ è âûñîòíûõ
àýðîäðîìàõ ñ ñàìûì ðàçíîîáðàçíûì ïîêðûòèåì
âçëåòíî−ïîñàäî÷íûõ ïîëîñ, íî ïðåæäå âñåãî —
øèðî÷àéøèé äèàïàçîí ïåðåâîçèìûõ ãðóçîâ.
Èìåííî ñïîñîáíîñòü ïðèíèìàòü íà áîðò ãðóçû îãðîì−
íûõ ãàáàðèòîâ è âåñà âûäåëÿåò ñàìîëåòû «Àí» ñðåäè
äðóãèõ è ïîçâîëÿåò èì çàíèìàòü ÷åòêî îïðåäåëåííóþ
íèøó â ãëîáàëüíîé òðàíñïîðòíîé ñèñòåìå. Íà Àí−124−100
«Ðóñëàí» è Àí−225 «Ìðèÿ», íàïðèìåð, âûïîëíåíû
ñîòíè âïå÷àòëÿþùèõ òðàíñïîðòíûõ îïåðàöèé, òàêèõ
êàê ïåðåâîçêè íåðàçáîðíûõ áëîêîâ ïðîìûøëåííîãî
îáîðóäîâàíèÿ ìàññîé äî 180 ò èëè îãðîìíûõ ÷àñòåé
êîñìè÷åñêèõ ðàêåò−íîñèòåëåé, êîòîðûå íå ïîìåñòè−
ëèñü áû áîëüøå íè â îäèí ñàìîëåò â ìèðå. Íå ìåíåå
âàæíîé ÷åðòîé, ïðèñóùåé âñåì àíòîíîâñêèì «ãðóçî−
âèêàì», ÿâëÿåòñÿ íåçàâèñèìîñòü îò íàçåìíîãî ïîãðóçî÷−
íî−ðàçãðóçî÷íîãî îáîðóäîâàíèÿ è ñâÿçàííàÿ ñ ýòèì àâ−
òîíîìíîñòü ýêñïëóàòàöèè, ÷òî îáåñïå÷èâàåòñÿ íàëè÷èåì
õâîñòîâûõ è íîñîâûõ ëþêîâ, ãðóçîâûõ ðàìï, áîðòîâûõ
ïîäúåìíûõ êðàíîâ è ëåáåäîê.
Íî ÷òîáû äîñòàâèòü ãðóç èìåííî òóäà, ãäå îí íåîáõî−
äèì, îäíîãî áîðòîâîãî ïîãðóçî÷íîãî êîìïëåêñà íå−
äîñòàòî÷íî. Ïîýòîìó ñàìîëåòû «Àí» íàäåëåíû ïîâû−
øåííîé àýðîäðîìíîé õîäèìîñòüþ è ñïîñîáíîñòüþ
áåçîïàñíî ðàáîòàòü ñ ãðóíòîâûõ, ãàëå÷íûõ, ëåäîâûõ
è äðóãèõ ïîäîáíûõ àýðîäðîìîâ.
×òîáû â ïîëíîé ìåðå ðåàëèçîâàòü ýòî ïðåèìóùåñ−
òâî, ìíîãèå èç íèõ ñïîñîáíû âûïîëíÿòü êîðîòêèå
âçëåò è ïîñàäêó.  íåêîòîðûõ ñëó÷àÿõ ýòî êà÷åñòâî
áûâàåò íàñòîëüêî âàæíûì, ÷òî îò íåãî çàâèñÿò æèç−
íè ëþäåé. Òàê, â 1986 ãîäó îäèí èç Àí−74 ñîâåðøèë
ïîñàäêó íà îñêîëîê äðåéôóþùåé ëüäèíû â ðàéîíå
Ñåâåðíîãî ïîëþñà, ïðîáåæàâ íå áîëåå 300 ì, è âûâåç
íà «áîëüøóþ çåìëþ» íóæäàâøèõñÿ â ïîìîùè ó÷àñò−
íèêîâ ëûæíîé ýêñïåäèöèè Ä. Øïàðî.
Íàèáîëåå ñîâåðøåííûì ñàìîëåòîì êîðîòêîãî âçëåòà è
ïîñàäêè, íàìíîãî îïåðåäèâøèì óðîâåíü ïîäîáíûõ
ðàçðàáîòîê â ìèðå, ÿâëÿåòñÿ Àí−70. Ýòà óíèêàëüíàÿ
ìàøèíà ñïîñîáíà ïîäíèìàòü ñ ãðóíòîâîé âçëåòíî−
ïîñàäî÷íîé ïîëîñû äëèíîé âñåãî 600 ì ãðóç ìàññîé
20 ò è ïåðåâîçèòü åãî íà ðàññòîÿíèå 3 000 êì. À åå
îáúåìíûé ôþçåëÿæ ïîçâîëÿåò ðàçìåùàòü 98% âñåõ
ãðóçîâ, äëÿ ïåðåâîçêè êîòîðûõ ñîçäàíû ãîðàçäî áîëåå
êðóïíûå ñàìîëåòû.
Ëèíåéêó òðàíñïîðòíûõ ñàìîëåòîâ «Àíòîíîâ» ïðîäîëæèò
íîâûé Àí−178. Òåíäåíöèè ðàçâèòèÿ ìèðîâîãî ðûíêà
ñâèäåòåëüñòâóþò, ÷òî îí áóäåò âîñòðåáîâàí êàê â âîåí−
íîì, òàê è â ãðàæäàíñêîì ñåêòîðàõ.
A
ANTONOV special i zes in development of cargo
planes — the class in which it has the widest
experience and greatest success. ANTONOV cargo
planes are distinguished for their ability to operate in
harsh climatic conditions and on remote high−altitude
airfields with any kind of surface, and first of all for the
widest range of cargoes they can airlift.
Being able to transport huge and heavy cargoes,
ANTONOV planes occupy a big niche in the global
transportation system. The Antonov−124−100 Ruslan
and Antonov−225 Mriya jumbo jets have performed
hundreds of impressive haulage operations, including
the transportation of solid blocks of industrial equip−
ment weighing up to 180 tons and huge parts of space
rockets that no other plane in the world could carry.
Importantly, all ANTONOV cargo planes are independent
of ground loading/unloading facilities. Their nose and
tail cargo doors, ramps, cranes, and winches make
them autonomous. However, the onboard loading
equipment is not always enough to deliver cargoes to
the destination. ANTONOV aircraft are safety operated
from/to all types of airfields with unpaved, shingle, ice,
or other runway surfaces.
This advantage is enhanced by their ability to take off
from and land on short runways. In some cases this
quality is critical for human life. In 1986 the Antonov− 74
landed on a piece of ice drifting near the North Pole, run−
ning not more than 300 m, to evacuate members of a
Polar expedition.
The Antonov−70 is the most perfect STOL aircraft in the
world. It is ahead of all other similar designs. This
unique aircraft can lift cargoes weighing up to 20 tons
from a 600−meter runway and carry them to destina−
tions up to 3,000 km away. Its high capacity fuselage
can hold 98 percent of cargoes which are normally
transported by much larger planes.
The AN−178 new aircraft will be the next in the row of
the ANTONOV transports. Tendencies of the world mar−
ket development indicate demand for this aircraft in
both military and civil sectors.